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Excerpt from Water Supply Outlook and Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys for Colorado and New Mexico: As of Feb. 1, 1965
The amount of water stored in mountain snow varies from place to place as well as from year to year and accordingly, so does the runoff of the streams. The best seasonal management of variable western water Supplies results from advance estimates of the streamflow.
A snow survey consists of a series of about ten samples taken with Specially designed snow sampling equipment along a permanently marked line, up to 1000 feet in length, called a snow course. The use of snow sampling equipment provides snow depth and water equivalent values for each sampling point. The average of these values is reported as the snow survey measurement for a snow course.
Snow surveys are made monthly or semi-monthly beginning in January or February and continue through the snod season until April, May or June. Currently more than 1400 western snow courses are measured each year. These measurements furnish the key data for water supply forecasts.
Streamflow forecasts are obtained by a comparison of total or maximum snow accumulation, as measured by snow water equivalent, to the subsequent spring and summer or snowmelt season runoff over a period of years. The snow water equivalent measured in selected snow courses provides most of the index to the streamflow forecast for the following season. More accurate forecasts are usually obtained when other factors such as soil moisture, base flow and Spring precipitation are considered and included in the forecast procedure. Early season forecasts assume average climatic conditions through the snowmelt season.
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