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The main application of Transition Metal Sulphides (TMS) as solid
catalysts is for production of clean fuels in petroleum refineries. The
various feedstocks to be processed all contain more or less sulphur,
included in highly stable heteroaromatic molecules. In order to meet the
stringent specifications imposed worldwide nowadays on transportation
fuels to reduce their environmental impact, catalytic hydroprocessing
remains essential. In this process, sulphur is removed as H2S following
the reaction between molecular hydrogen and the heteroaromatics. The
reaction conditions and reaction medium composition are such that only
TMS provide stable catalysts, generally supported on alumina. Both for
their fundamental and applied interest, these fascinating systems are still
the subject of a very significant research effort, while major advances
have been made over the past 30 years, involving innovative preparation
routes, sophisticated surface science experiments for characterisation,
detailed kinetic and mechanistic studies, and state of the art DFT simulations
giving unprecedented insight into the local structure as well as elementary
steps at microscopic level.
This book aims at providing a complete, comprehensive and updated
survey of the field, useful for anyone involved: the student starting a
research project, the academic researcher or the refinery engineer willing
to deepen their knowledge on the catalytic as well as on the process
aspects. It is therefore organised into three parts: I - Fundamental Aspects,
II - Progress in the Preparation and Characterisation, and III - Applications
to the Production of Clean Fuels. 37 specialists from IFP Energies nouvelles,
CNRS, or French universities have contributed, reporting a unique synthesis
of the last 15 years of research. The preface written by Michèle Breysse, a
well known leading scientist who devoted most of her fruitful career to this
topic, puts this collective work into a meaningful historical perspective.
